What these numbers mean
Only about 16,412 of the 33,694 catalogued objects are working satellites; everything else is dead hardware, spent rocket stages and fragments, each moving at roughly 7.5 km/s. A one-centimetre fragment carries the energy of a hand grenade, and there are about 1.5 million of them that nobody can track. The catalog counts tell you how crowded the tracked population is; the modelled counts tell you how much of the danger is invisible.
Catalog figures are recomputed every six hours from the GCAT catalog (J. McDowell, planet4589.org), which mirrors the US Space Force public catalog. Modelled figures are ESA MASTER-8 estimates (Feb 2026), because objects smaller than about 10 cm cannot be tracked individually. See every source · How tracking works · Why crowding compounds